The Great Poet Ali Akbat Dehkhoda: English Literature Essay

Like Romantic Poets such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth and John Keats, E’tesami experienced a short tragic life: A short period matrimony to her male parent ‘s cousin lasted merely 10 hebdomads, decease of her male parent, whom she attached excessively much, followed by her ain decease three old ages subsequently at the age of 30 four. Her sudden decease Shocked the whole state and was mourned by 1000s.

Hence, Parvin ‘s short life did non interfere her great celebrity in which she has achieved among Iranians. The genius girl of E’tesam-al-Molk through his encouragement began her gustatory sensation in poesy since her early childhood at around age seven or eight. She composed some literary pieces which were translated from western texts by her male parent.

Parvin ‘s poesy followed the Classical Persian tradition both in signifier and content. And the reformatory position of Modern Persian poets such as Nima Yushij, Sohrab Sepehri, which led to a great literary motion, remained unaffected or possibly denied by her.

E’tesami published a ”Divan”, a book of poesy, consisted of 156 verse forms in 1935, with an debut by the great poet and scholar Mohammad Taqi Bahar. After her decease, Abol Fathe E’tesami, her brother, published the 2nd edition of her book including 209 composings in the signifier of Ghazal, a love vocal like Lyric and assorted other signifiers of Iranian poesy like ”Qasideh ”, ”Qet’e ” which are all short pairs. They were all followed the didactic and philosophical manners of Sanai, Naser Khosrow, or even Manuchehri in eleventh and 12th centuries.

Her Divan gives small room for Ghazal, but harmonizing to Professor Heshmat Moayyed those few Ghazals of hers, including 5 verse forms entitled ”Arezooha ”  Longings and ”Safar e Ashk ” [ Journey of a Tear ] are regarded as the best illustrations of lyric of all time written in Persian. Along with her Divan, she versified 75 anecdotes, fabrications, and fables. ”She is best known for her stamp, fable-like fragments written in traveling tones ” conveying her moralistic idealogy.

However, E’tesami ‘s controversial poetic signifier, the ”Monazere ” [ Debate ] claimed the largest parts of her Divan. She composed 65 verse forms in Monazere manner.

Moayyed stated that E’tesami ‘s Hagiographas were largely about ” work forces and adult females of different societal backgrounds, a wide-ranging array of animate beings, birds, flowers, trees, cosmic and natural elements, objects of day-to-day life, abstract constructs, all personified and typifying her wealth of thoughts. ”

Influenced by Mysticism and Fatalism in some of her verse forms she talked of the doctrine of life as in here:

• The narrative of fate is madness and it’s nonluck to fall from the roof and state it was destiny
• Acting is the best wing in the Eden of cognition in the land of being, art is the best wealth
• Search although your will is superior to believe
• Thrive although your way leads to the firedrake’s oral cavity

Moayyed believed that through personification and symbol E’tesami visualized the immoralities of society and the loss of moral committednes. And through her Monazeres  Debates  she expressed her ain position about ” life, decease, societal justness, morals, instruction and the supreme importance of cognition. ”

Her formative old ages were spent in Tehran, the capital metropolis, where her household moved from Tabriz to Tehran for better life style and instruction. E’tesami ‘s formal schooling was in the American Girls College in Tehran, a celebrated school where she taught at that place for a piece instantly after her graduation.

She was invited to go the Queen ‘s coach for the new Pahlavi tribunal, but she refused. She declined that invitation for she opposed Reza Shah for his indifference towards the atrociousness and developments done in her state. Alternatively, she joined the library of the Teacher Training College for several months.

Mohammad Taqi Bahar and Parvin E’tesami are considered as the most famed classical poets have of all time risen since the 19th century. Bahar is known as the ”King of Poets ” who played a important function in the ” outgrowth and development of Iranian literature as a distinguishable genre ” in the beginning of the 20th century. His verse forms largely dealt with the socio-political facets of Iran. Other distinguished figures in classical poesy are Mirzadeh Eshghi, Aref Ghazvini and Shahriyar.

Among all singular plants, ”Monazere ”  argument  revealed the extremum of her mastermind. Monazere is the argument between two objects or two individuals, where this technique revived by Parvin since Sasanid and Ghaznavid ‘s dynasties like Abu-al-gasem Ansari. She was besides influenced by the Greek and Gallic fabrications of Aesop and La Fontaine. E’tesami highlights the Arguments by conveying a ”thesis and a corresponding antithesis ” together with the conventional imagination and intense duologues and the concluding lines as her ain point of views.

One of the most celebrated Arguments of hers called ”Mast Virginia Hoshyar ”  The Drunk and the Sober  won great esteem among Romantic poets, which was popularized as the best argument of all time written and regarded as the mirror of the societal and political background of the age.

Her prowess is confined to portray the existent Dark place of high governments in the society including ”Judge ” , ”Governor ” , ”Sheriff ” and the mere ”Municipal ” , where the Municipal Police Officer caught a ‘Drunk but Aware Man ‘ in the center of the dark and decided to take him to the Judge ‘s house, the Governor ‘s castle or the Sheriff ‘s for enquiry or test, yet the Drunkard remarked that the Municipal should wait till dawn for the Judge is asleep and the governor must be hangover at that minute.

In this verse form E’tesami by conveying a analogue between the Drunkard and the Sober pictured the instability of any higher societal ranks, where no 1 is in his proper topographic point or does his responsibility. Even when the Municipal suggested the Arrested Man to travel to ”Masjid ” [ Mosque ] till the twenty-four hours after, this chap claimed that Masjid isn’t an inn for such a criminal like him.

The Municipal ‘s demand for compensation or his apparel was rejected because the hapless Drunk didn’t even hold a penny or proper apparels to put himself free.

E’stesami raised her inquiring and challenging of the system in her last line when the Officer claimed that harmonizing to the Laws of the State, he should happen a Sober to flog the Drunk. In response the Drunk laughed calmly and stated: ”Bring a Sober, here no organic structure is sober ”

The American College Parvin E’tesami became familiar with the civilizations of the West. E’tesam-al-Molk took her to different parts of Iran and even foreign states like Europe and Iraq. Through these trips, Parvin gained the cognition he had gained over old ages of reading and interpreting Western civilizations and traditions which drew inspiration for her in organizing the chief subjects of her poesy such as humanitarianism, liberalism.

The literary assemblages held in their house went around issues of Persian civilization and lifestyle. They normally discussed over ”the Oppression of Reza Shah Pahlavi ‘s government, instruction, Women ‘s predicament and the jobs of the helot ” and Parvin was the lasting participants of these meetings. The impact of all these great figures is reflected in her poesy.

The twenty old ages of creativeness from 1921 till her decease displayed an ”astonishing adulthood of idea and trade ” of this 20th century Persian poet. Throughout her poesy she ever looked for societal justness for the Masses, particularly Women. She brings out the predicament of adult females and their subjugations in verse forms like ”Iranian Women”:

• Once a adult female in Iran was about non-Iranian.
• All she did was struggle through dark and distressful years.
• Her life she spent in isolation ; she died in isolation.
• What was she so if non a captive?
• None of all time lived centuries in darkness like her.
• None was sacrificed on the communion table of lip service like her.
• In the tribunals of justness no informant defended her.
• To the school of learning she was non admitted.
• All her life her prohibitionists for justness remained ignored.
• This subjugation occurred publically ; it was no secret.
• Many work forces appeared cloaked as her shepherd.
• Within each a wolf was concealing alternatively.
• Or in “ A Woman ‘s Topographic point ” :
• Plato and Socrates were great because the female parents
• Who nurtured them were themselves great.
• Loghman was succored by his female parent in the cradle
• Long earlier attending at school made him a philosopher.
• Whether heroes or mystics, abstainers or legal experts,
• They all were the first students in her school.
• How can a kid with no female parent learn to love?
• A land with no swayer offers no safety and order.

There is non-adequate information about Parvin E’tesami ‘s personal life except a little book of essays and verse forms published on her first day of remembrance in 1944 in Tehran. Her familiarities claimed that she was an honest, straightforward but mild adult female. She had an eternal passion in learning and contending against the dictatorship of male monarchs and great sympathy towards the multitudes. She besides offered moral solutions related to the world of life.

E’tesami ‘s differentiation was due to her word picture of ”spiritual truth, exalted humane constructs, plaint for poorness, favoritism ” and category consciousness. However, much of her plants were acrimonious and rough unfavorable judgment of societal and political unfairness. In ” The Old Woman ‘s Lament ” she challenged the legitimacy of the authorities, in “ The Wretched ” she portrayed poorness and protested against societal spread between the rich and the hapless. Mostly her poesy has the color of morality.

The unexpected decrease of E’tesam-al-Molk secluded her from the society for she afterward lost touch with the literary circles which had ever encouraged her. Furthermore, possibly within the patriarchal mainstream of literary society, Parvin E’tesami had no agent or shelter in showing her plants. However, as an adult female poet, she managed to set up her place in the literary infinite through her human-centered mentality.