The Effectiveness Of Multiple Intelligences

The intent of this survey was to look into the relationship between listening comprehension and multiple intelligences linguistic communication instruction ( MILT ) . Twelve experimental categories have been conducted affecting eight pupils whose ages ranged from 7 to 9. One group worked with the MI plan and the other group worked with traditional direction. The Standard Listening Test, interviews, studies, and pupil self-evaluations were used to analyse the information. Analysis of informations revealed that there was a low positive relationship between listening tonss and the MI plan. Multiple intelligences linguistic communication learning encourages them to take part stuffs in conformity with learning penchants and their intelligences. These consequences provide important deductions for foreign linguistic communication instructors to avoid bettering merely one intelligence type and to cover assorted intelligences types to fulfill all mark pupils.

Traditionally, our schools and civilization have focused most of their attending on lingual and logical-mathematical intelligence. However, Dr. Gardner develops new points of position for the construct of human intelligences which consist of many different aptitudes and accomplishments. Therefore, people should besides set the same consideration on persons who show gifts in the other intelligences: the creative persons, designers, instrumentalists, naturalists, interior decorators, terpsichoreans, healers, enterprisers. As a affair of a fact, many pupils who have these endowments do non make their potencies and do non have much attending in school.

The MI plan introduces a peculiar linguistic communication educational construct in a manner kids can develop their linguistic communication proficiency easy, rapidly, and efficaciously. It provides the chance to larn in ways harmonious with their alone heads every bit good as ways that kids are most likely to larn. It suggests that instructors should learn their lessons in a broad assortment of ways utilizing music, art activities, kinaesthetic activities, concerted acquisition, function drama, multimedia, field trips, interior contemplation, and much more to pull as many pupils who have different gifts as possible. Fortunately, many pedagogues give attending to the theory of multiple intelligences, and 100s of schools are presently utilizing this methodological analysis to reflect on their course of study and redesign the course of study.

The theory of MI assumes that people have at least seven different intelligences that human existences have in changing grades. This research used a particular MI checklist which was designed to prove pupils on seven separate intelligence dimensions. Seven techniques to learn besides helped them make up one’s mind their preferable or dominant intelligences and supported the pupils to go more confident through seven corner activities during the experimental categories.

Successful experiences of the MI plan could reassign other productive effects of larning. The MI plan would be valuable that it could heighten each person ‘s possible and exultant experiences through the course of study which reflects different single intelligences and variegation of learning schemes.

The purpose of this survey is to detect whether pupils practising listening through the MI plan improve more than those pupils practising with a traditional attack.

So the present survey addresses the undermentioned inquiry:

Are there any important differences in listening comprehension between ESL scholars utilizing the “ MI plan ” vs. ESL scholars utilizing traditional direction?

Literature Review

In 1993, Howard Gardner published a book that challenge the manner intelligence was perceived and studied until so. He criticized that intelligences had been focused excessively much on a individual factor and familial heritage, via paper-and-pen trials. He alternatively insisted that human intelligences, the ability to work out jobs, could non be evaluated precisely by traditional IQ trials. He suggested a Multiple Intelligence ( MI ) Theory, means that ; all worlds have multiple intelligences including mathematical, lingual, musical, spacial, kinaesthetic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal intelligences. The abilities vary depending on the person.

The seven intelligences as suggested by Gardner ( 1993 ) are as follows:

a. Linguistic intelligence, which refers to the esthesia to the spoken and written word and the ability to utilize linguistic communication to show significance, and to actuate and carry others to make specific ends.

B. Mathematical intelligence, which refers to the ability to cipher, to grok maps, and to work out jobs and other complex logical systems.

c. Musical intelligence, which refers to the sensitiveness to chant, tune, beat and the ability to hold a right apprehension of the signifiers of music and to make musical signifiers.

d. Spatial intelligence, which refers to the sensitiveness to determine, colour, line, infinite and the ability to use ocular images accurately to make the ocular universe on paper.

e. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence, which refers to the ability to utilize the organic structure in a skilled manner to pass on their thoughts and specific physical accomplishments such as balance, coordination and velocity for self-expression or to carry through a end.

f. Interpersonal intelligence, which refers to the ability to grok other desires and motives, and interact efficaciously to tempers and state of affairss.

g. Intrapersonal intelligence, which refers to the ability of self-knowledge for one ‘s feelings, emotions, and beliefs to be after and direct one ‘s life.

In subsequently plants Gardner ( 1999 ) applied the Multiple Intelligence ( MI ) theory in the educational field at establishments such as Humanistic disciplines Profel, Key School, and Project Spectrum. He introduced his educational proposal that each pupil could larn more successfully when being taught with focal point on intelligence spheres through his MI schools. He suggested that people should understand the multiple intelligences of each person, develop his or her possible possibilities, and work out jobs utilizing strong intelligences. Furthermore, the MI theory contributed to the linguistic communication development of pupils, helped them to better their positive acquisition attitudes, and affected productive interaction between the instructor and pupils.

Gardner ( 1993 ) suggested four important deductions in the MI theory. He suggested that all people own seven intelligences and “ most people can come on their intelligences to an mean degree ” ( 1993, Gardner ) . Most people normally incorporate many intelligences at one clip in complicated ways. There are assorted tracts to develop people ‘s intelligences in each class.

The best manner to plan course of study using MI theory is by believing about how we can interpret the stuff from one intelligence to other intelligences ( 1993, Gardner ) . The following seven stairss propose as efficient manner to plan curriculum units using MI theory.

“The instructor may concentrate on a specific subject and inquire cardinal MI inquiries. Then, the instructor may see the possibilities and brainstorm thoughts and choice appropriate activities. Finally, he or she may put up a consecutive degree and implement the program ” ( 1993, Gardner ) .

Since all pupils have different penchants in the seven intelligences, there are no perfect schemes to fulfill all pupils at all times. Using a assortment of learning schemes can be a powerful tool to develop pupils because they have different intelligences, demands, and penchants. Lazear ( 1994 ) suggested the following some schemes by which intelligences can be taught.

Verbal /Linguistic intelligence

The utile schemes of lingual intelligences may include storytelling, brainstorming, tape recording, poesy, argument, diary authorship, and publication.

Logical/mathematical intelligence

The effectual schemes of mathematical intelligences may include computations and quantifications, categorizations, sequences, pattern games, and scientific discipline thought.

Visual/spatial intelligence

The valuable schemes of spacial intelligences may include visual image, mind-mapping, designs, thought sketching, and in writing symbols.

Bodily/kinesthetic intelligence

The helpful schemes of bodily/kinesthetic intelligences may include organic structure replies, the Classroom Theater, kinaesthetic constructs, organic structure linguistic communication, mummer, and custodies on thought.

Musical intelligence

The utile schemes of musical intelligences may include utilizing rhythms, vocals, chants, discographies, humming, musical constructs, and music public presentations.

Interpersonal intelligence

The effectual schemes of interpersonal intelligences may include equal sharing, people sculptures, concerted groups, board games, individual to individual communications, and simulations.

Intrapersonal intelligence

The helpful schemes of intrapersonal intelligences may include one-minute contemplation periods, concentration accomplishments, pick clip, feeling-tones minutes, and end scene Sessionss.

The MI plan maximizes the efficiency of acquisition by utilizing pupils multiple intelligences harmonizing to involvement, strength, and aptitude. Many researches have investigated the relationship between linguistic communication proficiency and the MI plan.

Abdulkader ( 2009 ) suggested the effectivity of the MI plan employed in developing reading accomplishments such as word acknowledgment accomplishments and reading comprehension accomplishments in 60 5th class acquisition handicapped pupils. Furthermore, the MI plan can optimise motive and heighten memory acceleration ( Suan, 2009 ) . MI activities may heighten the acquisition procedure in the employment of larning schemes based on mathematical intelligence such as analysing sentences and larning schemes based on interpersonal intelligence such as treatment.

Kim ( 2008 ) investigated the positive influences of MI theory on Korean schools by in-depth and concentrate group interviews. The pupils who participated MI plan developed positive learning attitude and self-pride and expanded pupils ‘ intelligence profile.

Im ( 2003 ) advocated that there was important correlativity between trial tonss and spacial, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence and a important difference in pupils ‘ involvement, preparedness, engagement in category and autonomous learning attitude. “ There was no important difference in trial tonss between the midterm test and concluding test but there was a important difference in MI portfolio appraisal tonss between the first and the last appraisal ” ( Im, 2003 ) .

However, there are few researches about listening accomplishments utilizing the MI plan reverse to reading and composing accomplishments. It is important to demo the relation of Multiple Intelligences Theory and listening accomplishments for ESL scholars. Listening is a powerful accomplishment which enhances the other accomplishments in 2nd linguistic communication acquisition. “ Listening and reading are secondary accomplishments, agencies to other terminals, instead than terminals in themselves ” ( 1999, Nunan ) . It is natural for a native talker to hold automatic hearing accomplishments, contrary to ESL scholars.

Choi ( 2000 ) suggested that listening ability and attitude would be improved through the MI Program. He proposed that the MI plan was a successful for EFL pupils to better speech production and listening accomplishments and do pupils take part dynamically in a learning process with a assurance. The participants tried to utilize many words and spoke aloud and clearly during their presentation. Their comprehension of listening improved.

Saricaoglu ( 2009 ) advocated the thought that there was a important relationship between a peculiar type of intelligence and accomplishment in grammar, hearing, and reading. His consequence showed that there was a high positive relationship between listening tonss and musical intelligences. Kim ( 2002 ) found that communicative competency including hearing and talking improved by using the MI plan for 5th grade pupils. The MI direction group showed a important betterment in listening and talking tonss instead than in traditional direction group.

The research is strongly needed to look into hearing accomplishments utilizing the MI plan for ESL/EFL scholars since hearing is hard and a important basic accomplishment for ESL scholars contrary to native talkers. That is the ground that the listening accomplishments consequences about MI researches in the other states such as Korea, Turkey, and Japan are more than English speech production states.

Method

Participants

Eight pupils ( four male ) with high novice proficiency degree participated in the present survey. Participants were chosen by the research worker as holding the same native linguistic communication ( Korean ) and similar English proficiency through a diagnosing trial. The participants, whose ages ranged from 7 to 9, have been in the United States less than 6 months. Students were indiscriminately classified into two groups: one group worked with the MI plan and the other group worked with the traditional direction.

Procedure

The MI plan was conducted for enduring 45 proceedingss each session, two times per hebdomad, for six hebdomads. Both groups were taught with the same frequence. Over these Sessionss the pupils of one group learned from a text edition utilizing the MI plan. The pupils completed MI activities by listening to other pupils ‘ speak and by talking their thoughts. Instructional methods based on the MI theory were devised, applied, and redesigned to the mark pupils. In add-on, pupils were allowed to work together the MI activities, and the teacher gave aid and mold. The seven intelligences were employed in all Sessionss, such as brainstorming, mathematical job resolution, utilizing illustrations, doing marks, function drama, organic structure motion, vocal and chant, collaborative working, measuring ain thought, and single contemplation. During the first session ( first three hebdomads ) , pupils experienced all seven MI groups. During the 2nd session ( the following 3 hebdomads ) , pupils were allowed to take the Multiple Intelligences activities they wanted.

The other group was taught by traditional direction with a text book, such as reading aloud, making inquiries and replies, and make fulling out press releases. Teacher-centered acquisition, such as traditional mini lessons about book context was conducted.

3. Materials and informations aggregation

To transport out the experiment, books were redesigned and course of study was developed by concentrating on a specific subject and cardinal MI inquiries. Besides, appropriate MI activities were set up consecutive harmonizing to pupils ‘ involvement, proficiency degree, and demand. An instructional method based on the multiple intelligences theory was devised and applied. For the traditional direction, the lesson program was implemented in progress harmonizing to pupils ‘ degree and stuffs and appraisal were developed in progress.

The standard listening trial of the Korea Minister of Education was conducted for dependable informations of the pre-test and post-test. It included the content of experiment learning with a entire mark of 100. In add-on, the research employed both structured and unstructured interviews, and pupil self-evaluations. After the experiment, a study was administered and the effectivity and the learning result of the experimental method will be analyzed.

Consequences

The inquiry in this survey investigated the differences in listening tonss between MI direction and traditional direction. The research worker used a pre-test and post-test of listening comprehension to verify this inquiry.

The tabular array 1 shows that there is small difference in station trial tonss between MILT and traditional direction. The pre-test mean of MILT was 82.0 points and the pre-test mean of traditional direction was 83.0 points. The tabular array shows that there are positive differences in post-test mean tonss between the experimental group ( M = 87.5 ) and the control group ( M = 85.0 ) in the listening trial.

Chart 1. The comparing between pretest and station trial of each group

The research worker used the T-test to analyze the way of this significance. The information shows that there is a low relationship between the post-test tonss and MILT ( P & lt ; .0.37 ) . The SD of both groups were similar. SD of Multiple intelligence group was 2.52 and SD of traditional direction group was 2.58.

Discussions

The chief aim of the present survey was to research whether there were important differences in the listening trial between utilizing MI Program and traditional plan. Consequences indicated that there was a low positive relationship between listening tonss and the MI plan. Choi ( 2000 ) , Saricaoglu ( 2009 ) , and Kim ( 2002 ) showed a high positive relationship between an addition in listening tonss and the MI plan. Contrary to their research, using the MI plan might lend to bettering listening comprehension, but there was no high positive correlativity due to the short research period.

Harmonizing to their interviews, studies, and observations of category, they participated in MI larning actively compared to the traditional categories. Besides, they reported more ennui when they were taught harmonizing to merely one intelligence type. These consequences provide important deductions for foreign linguistic communication instructors to avoid bettering merely one intelligence type of the pupils and to cover assorted intelligence types to fulfill all mark pupils.

This survey ‘s inquiry was on the relationship between the MI direction and listening comprehension between ESL scholars. The consequence showed a low positive relationship. The findings including pupils ‘ interviews and a study suggested that multiple intelligences linguistic communication instruction ( MILT ) can be applied to ESL scholars ‘ English categories. MILT allows pupils to take part in bespoke survey and content to custom-make it to their involvements. This effort provides pupils with a sense of achievement, assurance, and positive acquisition attitudes. Children participated more actively and it promoted their interaction among other pupils. Ultimately, it somewhat developed their listening competency.

Therefore, farther surveies should be conducted about the relationship between listening accomplishments and MI direction including long term research and more participants. Furthermore, it would be meaningful research if it finds any relationship and analysis of intelligences types and pupils ‘ success in linguistic communication accomplishments including hearing, speech production, reading, and composing.