The Architecture of Sans Souci Palace in Germany
Introduction
There was a peaceable castle names Sans Souci Palace but in Germany they called Schloss Sanssouci and it was located at Potsdam, near Berlin. This is an elapsed summer castle for Frederick the Great, King of Prussia. While Sans Souci more belongs to Rococo manner. At the clip, this is evidently smaller than its Gallic Baroque opposite number and it excessively noteworthy for the most temples and follies in the park. The Sans Souci Palace was designed by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff and it was built between 1745 and 1747. Why they built the Sans Souci Palace? The ground as a warrior-king, Frederick needs a private abode where he can loosen up, no demand worry about the outside universe. Then the name of the castle really interested. Actually this is a Gallic phrase ( Sans Souci ) , which translates as “without concerns” , means “no worries” or “carefree” , it means that the castle was a topographic point for relaxation, go forth your ain concerns behind every bit good.
Sans souci is a single-story Villa, incorporating 10s chief suites, this is little more than a big. It was built at the centre of the park, on the forehead of a terraced hill. Because personal gustatory sensation of the King Frederick, all the design and ornament of the castle really beautiful, this type of design manner was included “Frederician Rococo” . He wanted there can be “a topographic point that would decease with him” . From this sentences can see that his feelings for the castle so strong. In 1746, Knobelsdorff, the interior decorator was fired because of a dissension about the site of the castle in the park. After that, a Dutch designer was coup d’etat the castle undertaking. During the 19Thursdaycentury, Sans Souci castle became a abode of Frederick William IV. He employed the designer Ludwig Persius to reconstruct and enlarge the castle, while Ferdinand von Arnim was charged with bettering the evidences and therefore the position from the castle.[ 1 ]For the German imperial household, Sans Souci was a favorite’s topographic point of abode before the autumn of the Hohenzollern dynasty in 1918.
In East of Germany, Sans Souci became one of a sacred tourer attractive force after World War II. Following the Germany reunion in 1990, Frederick’s organic structure was returned back to the castle, buried in a antecedently prepared grave overlooking the gardens that he had created. At the same clip, Sans Souci list into the World Heritage Site by UNESCO. After 5 old ages, the Foundation for Prussian Palaces and Gardens in Berlin Brandenburg was established to protect for Sans Souci and the other former imperial castles in and around Berlin. Now many visitants from all over the universe will wish come to these castles, and the most visited attractive force in Potsdam is the Palace Sans Souci, more than 2 million tourers a twelvemonth.
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Sans Souci has a beautiful garden, it was designed by Frederick. He was decided to construct the grape hill with trapezoid on the hillside of South, in Bornstedt. Before that, in Frederick William I epoch, there was a hill full of oak but had chop down to construct Potsdam metropolis and support muddy on the fens. In 1744, Frederick wanted reclaimed it to be a patio vinery. This incline has been divided to 6 trapezoid patios. The walls became a micro-bow form at the centre to use the Sun beam. Some of the walls were replaced with the works vines. All the works vines were from Portugal, Italy and France. Inside the 168 glass Earth, it was planted with the fig trees. In forepart the trapezoid patio, there was filed with the green lawn. There besides planted with the yew trees and the shrub had been divided. At the cardinal axis, there had 120 floors, trapezoid patio divided into 6 parts. At the hill, there besides build the hillside at the both sides.
In 1745, there was construct a garden with the Baroque manner at foothills. But start from 1748, at the centre of garden was constructing a armored combat vehicle with fountain. But unluckily, Frederick ne’er saw the proper operation of fountain, because at that clip they did non hold a good accomplishment in engineering.
The pre-Romantic ideal of harmoniousness between adult male and nature already reflected because of the location of Sans Souci. The patio vinery became the focal point of his estate, crowned by the new, but little, palace —“mein Weinberghauschen”as Frederick called it, this is means my small vineyard house. Start from the terminal of April to the beginning of October was the summer months. Merely the summer month was the most beautiful season for the San Souci castle. Every times, when Frederick stands at the top of the vinery, he can saw the beautiful position of the countryside. Frederick wanted a topographic point, he can bask and make what he loves to make and Sans Souci Palace was the best pick. On the hillside, there was a Sanssouci windmill and it was built at 1736. The windmill became a grade of the idyllic. Frederick said the windmill was embroidering his castle.
After 20 old ages build the Sanssouci, Frederick built the New Palace ; in German they called Neues Palais. It was built in the western portion of the park. This castle was far larger than Sanssouci and direct contrast to the relaxed behind Sanssouci. Frederick really wanted usage this castle to demo his power and strength to the universe. Frederick uses the Baroque manner to construct this castle. It demonstrate that Prussia’s capablenesss were unrelieved despite its close licking in the Seven Year’ War through the design of the New Palace. Inside this castle, Frederick made no secret of his purpose, demoing off the new building.
Frederick wanted to affect has led to the comparing of the castles of Potsdam to Versailles from the construct of a expansive castle with Sanssouci being thrust into the function of one of the Trianons. The castle, for which the whole park and scene were created, ignores the original virtues of the construct behind Sanssouci from this analogy. Trianons was an reconsideration to get away the larger topographic point but New Palace non like that. A simple ground, the larger castle did non be at the clip of Sanssouci’s construct. However, Sanssouci was ready to be a private topographic point, a topographic point non for show of power, strength and architectural virtue. Trianons was designed to be a whole unto itself, but Sanssouci different.
Sanssouci look little with the principal block being a narrow single-story enfilade of merely 10 suites. There were including a service transition and staff suites behind them. Knobelsdorff merely a draftsman, he draft the study more than complete designer. Frederick can non accept any suggestions for change to his programs. He was declining Knobelsdorff’s thought. Knobelsdorff wanted to add a semi-basement narrative, this will non merely gave the provided service countries closer at manus, this besides will give the castle non merely a more dominating presence, but besides would hold prevented the jobs of moistness to which was ever been prone. However, what Frederick demand was an intimate castle for life, like a simple house. For illustration, he wanted to come in the castle instantly organize the garden, instead than scaling a big figure of stairss. He insisted the land degree of a edifice should be based on the hill. He wanted to do it became a private pleasance house. What he wanted was free manner and nature, hence his repeating subject and demands for a house with close connexions. Inside the principal suites, the tall slender Windowss, face South over the vinery gardens.
In the park, the Sanssouci Picture Gallery was located at E of the castle. It was built from 1755 to 1764 under the supervising of the designer Johann Gottfried B uring. Frederick rose about the tropical fruit, that’s why it was stand on the site of a former nursery. In Germany, the Picture Galley was the oldest extant museum built for a swayer. It was a long and low edifice, like the castle itself. It was besides dominated by a cardinal vaulted bow of three bays.
Neo-Classicism, a popular manner in Europe, many edifices were utilizing this type of architectural manner, but Frederick ignored it. After Frederick was dead, the decease of Frederick a new epoch began can clearly visible the manner was alteration in architectural manners. During the reign of the new male monarch Frederick William II, He ordered the building of a new castle in the new manner, more stylish. Sometimes he will remain at Sanssoci merely on occasion. The response and sleeping room was retread and wholly change instantly after Frederick’s decease. Frederick William von Erdmannsdorff was received the committee for the all renovation. Although Frederick already building the New Palace in the Baroque manner between 1763 and 1769, but Erdmannsdorff, an advocator of the new neo-classical manner, had created Schloss Worlitz in Worlitz park. This is the first neo-classical castle in Germany. After that, Sanssouci became the first castle that been remodeled with the neo-classical inside in Potsdam and Berlin, because of his influence. In 1797, Frederick William II was succeeded by Frederick William III.[ 1 ]He had visited Sanssouci even less than his male parent. Normaly he will pass his summer months in Paretz Palace or the Pfaueninsel in Berlin.
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Architecture
There is no happenstance that Frederick used the Rococo style’s architecture for Sanssouci. In the early 18Thursdaycentury, the Rococo manner appeared in France as a continuance for the Baroque manner, contrast with heavier subjects and the darker colors of Baroque, Rococo characteristic with an luxury, grace, elation, and gaiety. Rather than heroic conflicts and spiritual figures, Rococo more focal point about the carefree blue life and lively love affair. Bing in harmoniousness, this suited Frederick’s ideal design and natural. The castle was completed as Frederick’s imagined and studies.
The castle has a single-storey chief block and the two flanking side wings. The wings were straight adjoined with the chief edifice portion. The edifice really about holds the full upper patio. The dome rise above the hipped roof, written down the name of the castle with a comma and a full stop—on it in the aureate bronze letters. That garden beside the secondary side wings, in forepart are screened by 2 symmetrical rows of trees. Each ending in free-standing trellised summerhouse, it was decorated with aureate decorations.
In front the castle, there were some carven figures of Atlas and Caryatids. It was made by sandstone. These figures were put in brace between the Windowss, look like “they” were back up the bannister above. These figures of both sexes represent Drunken revelers, the comrades of the vino God Bacchus, and originate from the workshop of the sculpturer Friedrich Christian Glume. The vases on the bannister and the groups of cherubs above the Windowss of the dome are created by the same workshop.
By contrast, the north entryway facade had their bounds. There are section colonnades of 88 Corinthian columns, curve outwards from the castle edifice. They think this can be more enveloping the semicircular cour d’honneour. On the south side, there was a bannister with sandstone vases decorates the roof of the chief corps de logis.
Flanking the corps de logis are 2 secondary wings, when retreat from the universe, it supplying the big service adjustment and domestic offices necessary to function an 18Thursdaycentury sovereign. Frederick wanted to cover with leaf to test their mundane intent from these single-storey wings. The secretaries’ room, gardeners’ room and servants’ room, all is located in eastern wing, while the castle kitchen, stallss and a manager house, are located in west wing.
Every twelvemonth during the summer months, Frederick will pass all his clip at the Sans Souci Palace throughout his life-time. But after Frederick decease, in 1786 until the mid- 19Thursdaycentury, it remained largely unoccupied and neglected. After 100 old ages Frederick’s accession to throne, in 1840, his nephew Frederick William IV and his married woman were traveling to the invitee suites. The royal twosome was keeping the bing furniture and replaced the losing pieces with furniture that from Frederick’s clip. At first, the suites that Frederick had used before was intended to reconstruct to its original province, because of a deficiency of reliable paperss and programs, this program was ne’er executed. However, in 1843, the armchair in which Frederick had died was returned to the castle.
Frederick William IV was a draughtsman, he really interested in both architecture and landscape horticulture. He changes the castle from the retreat of his recluse great uncle into a to the full functioning and stylish state house. This was a really large different comparison before and after. The little service wings were had been enlarged between 1840 and 1842. This was necessary. Frederick was a individual who liked to populate modestly without luster, philosophized and played music at Sanssouci. His modestness developed into miserliness for his age. He would non let they repair to the outer facade in the suites. He wishes that Sanssouci should merely last for his life-time.
Both of the wings had added a mezzanine floor. The kitchen had been changed into the east wing. The little vino cellar belongs to Fredrick the great ; it was enlarged to fix full shop suites to enlarged family, and the new upper floor was used for the staff sleeping rooms.
