Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

  1. Abstract. Qualitative Analysis helps to analyze the ionic compounds ( cations and anions) which are presented in a salt (solid and in a solution). The experimental procedures show the identity of the substance but not the amount of the present agents.
  2. Introduction. The construction of ionic salt is based on a certain cation and a certain anion. To get to know the two different agents of the salt, the anions and cations have to be separated. For the separation, the ionic salt has to be destroyed by chemical reaction to get the single elements and compounds. A physical reaction can only change the conditions of the salt ( solid or fluid) but not the structure of the educt. Every element and compound has characteristic reactions where the identity can be figured out by analyzing the out coming educt by its color, its odor, its precipitation, and its solubility. The following experiment is separated into two parts. In the first part of the experiment, it has to be shown the different characteristic reaction with the cations (Na+, K+,NH4+,Mg2+,Cu2+,Ag+,Ba2+,Sr2+) and the anions ( Cl-, Br-, CO32-, SO42-, F-). In the following part, there was an unknown ionic salt to analyze which is built out of one cation and one anion from above.
  3. Materials and Methods

Materials

  • Test tubes
  • Bunsen Burner
  • Test tubes rack
  • Pasteur pipette
  • Distilled water
  • Ionic salts
  • NaOH
  • SO4-2
  • NH4
  • HCl
  • AgNO

Methods

There are several experiments to analyze the compounds and elements of an ionic salt [1].

Flame Test (for solid substance): for visually determine the identity of a metallic agent in the ionic salt by a different color. Heating effect ( for fluid substance): heating can cause the separation of a substance included odor development and color changing. This is given by nitrate, carbonate, and sulfite ions. Solubility in water: Almost all of the ionic salts are soluble in water. Precipitation ( for fluid substance): A precipitate will form with a certain cation/ anion an insoluble substance.

The characteristic precipitate will turn out 4. Results 1. Different characteristic reaction with the cations (Na+, K+,NH4+,Mg2+,Cu2+,Ag+,Ba2+,Sr2+, Ca2+) and the anions ( Cl-, Br-, CO32-, SO42-, F-). Flame test: o Na+: light yellow flame o K+: violet flame o Cu2+: yellow-orange, darker flame than the flame of Na+ o Ba2+: green flame in the beginning, after a little while the flame is turning yellow • Heating effect: NH4+ + OH- ( NH3 (g) + H2O The ammonia (g) smells cautious and changes the color of a red litmus paper into blue.

Precipitation: o Cl- + AgNO3 ( AgCl (s) + NO3, ( white prec. o Br- + AgNO3 ( AgBr (s) + NO3, ( light yellow prec. ) o I- + AgNO3 ( Agl (s) + NO3, ( yellow prec. ) o Ca2+ + CO32- ( CaCO3 (s), ( white prec. ) o SO42- + BaCl2 ( BaSO4 (s) + 2Cl-, (white prec. ) o CO32- + HCl ( CO2 (g)+…. , ( bubbels can be seen) o Mg2+ + 2NaOH ( Mg(OH)2 (s) + Na+, (white prec. ) o Sr2+ + 2NaOH ( Sr(OH)2 (s) + Na+, (white prec. ) 2. Unknown Determination • Look of the salt: o Shape: little grains o Color: white o Smell: no clear smell • Kation: o Flame test: light yellow (= Na) o Control: X+ OH- ( no prec. (Kation: Na+

Anion: o X + AgNO3. Control: Br-/ I- + AgNO3 ( yellow prec. ( = I- / Br-) o 1. X + SO42- ( no visually reaction o 2. X + SO42- ( CO2 (g) production ( bubbles visual) o X + HCl ( CO2 (g) production ( bubbles visual) ( Anion: CO32- The unknown salt is Na2CO3

Discussion

The cation Na+ was easy to figure out because of its unmistakable color of the flame by holding into the Bunsen burner flame. It was more difficult to get to know the anion. The experiment with silver nitrate could be leading to a wrong conclusion. Цritten that there is no reaction ( precipitation) in the experiment with AgNO3 and CO32-. It could be that the test tube wasn’t clean and there was still some undesirable rest of another element or compound. Even a single grain of I- could cause precipitation. Another problem to find the right anion was that the amount of our unknown salt was too low in our testing solution with acid sulfur. So there was no visual reaction with our unknown solution. But the second time with a higher amount of unknown salt in our testing solution there was a CO2 development. To be sure that this experiment is positive the experiment was repeated with HCl. There was the CO2 development good visible. Thus in the end the anion CO32- was proved. 6.

Conclusion

To do the right analyses it is very important not to trust a single experiment. Controls are very important to get the right elements and compounds. Also, it’s very important to check whether the equipment is clean. Any single rest of an undesired substance can imitate the result. But these are good experiments to get to known unknown elements and compounds of an ionic salt.

References

  1. [1] Handout: Medical & Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Analytic Chemistry Laboratory, Winter Semester 2011
  2. [2]J. E. Brandy, F. A. Sense, N. D. Jespersen, Chemistry. The Study of Matters and Its changes, International Edition, 5. Edition 2008

Calculate the price
Make an order in advance and get the best price
Pages (550 words)
$0.00
*Price with a welcome 15% discount applied.
Pro tip: If you want to save more money and pay the lowest price, you need to set a more extended deadline.
We know how difficult it is to be a student these days. That's why our prices are one of the most affordable on the market, and there are no hidden fees.

Instead, we offer bonuses, discounts, and free services to make your experience outstanding.
How it works
Receive a 100% original paper that will pass Turnitin from a top essay writing service
step 1
Upload your instructions
Fill out the order form and provide paper details. You can even attach screenshots or add additional instructions later. If something is not clear or missing, the writer will contact you for clarification.
Pro service tips
How to get the most out of your experience with MyStudyWriters
One writer throughout the entire course
If you like the writer, you can hire them again. Just copy & paste their ID on the order form ("Preferred Writer's ID" field). This way, your vocabulary will be uniform, and the writer will be aware of your needs.
The same paper from different writers
You can order essay or any other work from two different writers to choose the best one or give another version to a friend. This can be done through the add-on "Same paper from another writer."
Copy of sources used by the writer
Our college essay writers work with ScienceDirect and other databases. They can send you articles or materials used in PDF or through screenshots. Just tick the "Copy of sources" field on the order form.
Testimonials
See why 20k+ students have chosen us as their sole writing assistance provider
Check out the latest reviews and opinions submitted by real customers worldwide and make an informed decision.
Nursing
I just need some minor alterations. Thanks.
Customer 452547, February 10th, 2021
Data 564
excellent work
Customer 452773, April 11th, 2024
Business and administrative studies
looks good thank you
Customer 452773, March 3rd, 2023
Social Work and Human Services
Great work I would love to continue working with this writer thought out the 11 week course.
Customer 452667, May 30th, 2021
Business Studies
Thank you very much for a good job done and a quick turn around time.
Customer 452615, March 31st, 2021
10th grade English
very good
Customer 452773, March 26th, 2023
Business and administrative studies
excellent job
Customer 452773, March 12th, 2023
Business and administrative studies
Excellent work ,always done early
Customer 452773, February 21st, 2023
Business and administrative studies
Thank you for your hard work and help
Customer 452773, February 21st, 2023
Business and administrative studies
excellent job!
Customer 452773, May 25th, 2023
Human Resources Management (HRM)
excellent job
Customer 452773, July 17th, 2023
Business and administrative studies
excellent job! got an A, thank you
Customer 452773, May 24th, 2023
11,595
Customer reviews in total
96%
Current satisfaction rate
3 pages
Average paper length
37%
Customers referred by a friend
OUR GIFT TO YOU
15% OFF your first order
Use a coupon FIRST15 and enjoy expert help with any task at the most affordable price.
Claim my 15% OFF Order in Chat
Close

Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own

Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. Get professional help and free up your time for more important courses. Let us handle your;

  • Dissertations and Thesis
  • Essays
  • All Assignments

  • Research papers
  • Terms Papers
  • Online Classes
Live ChatWhatsApp