Physiological Disorders
Physiological disorders: In this assignment I am going to describe two physiological disorder in details, the details that I am going to go into is what the disorder is, signs and symptoms, cause of the disorder, physiological changes as a result of treatment and the factors influencing the development of the disorder, explain the signs and symptoms related to two named physiological disorders, describe the investigations that care carried out to enable the diagnosis of these physiological disorders and assess possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the disorders from their signs and symptoms.
P1 The two physiological disorders that I am going to talk about are Diabetes and Asthma. Diabetes: What is diabetes? Diabetes is when your body does not make enough insulin or cannot use its own insulin as well as it should. Insulin is a hormone and also a protein, which is made by the cells within the pancreas. This causes the sugar to build up in your blood. Most of the food that we eat is turned into glucose, which is a sugar that gives us physical energy.
The pancreas an organ near the stomach makes the insulin which then helps the glucose to get to our bodies, when that process is not happening that’s when diabetes occurs. Diabetes can be able to cause severe health problems and this can be to the heart, causing kidney failure, causing blindness, and lower-extremity amputations. Diabetes is a very common disorder and most elderly people seem to get it and they body slowly stops working. The signs and symptoms of diabetes There are two types of diabetes; there is type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 is a condition which is called Ketoacidosis, which happens when a cid compounds from the blood. Type 2 appears mainly in people over the age of 40, signs and symptoms develop more slowly as most of the time it is not recognised because of the illness they might have. Most people with type 2 diabetes do not receive any symptoms in their blood if the glucose level is not too high. Type 1: * Blurred vision * Dry mouth * Outstanding thirst * Loss of weight * Weakness or exhaustion * Regular urination Type 2: * Leg pain * Dry mouth * Unnecessary thirst * Always needing to go to the toilet Skin which itches or has yeast infection * Blurred vision * Certain medicine * Pregnancy * Age * Illness or damage to the pancreas * Cut or sores which take longer to heal The causes of diabetes Diabetes is caused when the pancreas does not make enough or any of the hormones (insulin) needed or when the insulin does not work as well as. This causes the level of glucose in the blood to too high. In type 1 the cells in the pancreas that make the insulin are damaged, causing a cruel require of insulin left. This is known when the body attacks and damages its own cells in the pancreas.
No one knows why this happens, but something must trigger it off and this could contain, infections with definite virus or bacteria, experience of food or chemical toxins and introduced as a young child to cow’s milk. In type 2 the receptors on cells in the body that normally respond to the act of insulin stop motivating. This is known as insulin resistance. When this happens more insulin might be produced and this over produces at that stage which then stops the cells in the pancreas. This is when is stops working properly. What happens while and after treatments
Type 1: Type 1 diabetes treatment is an everyday task. This is because the lack of insulin production by the pancreas is difficult to control. Treatments include being carefully calculated diets, planned physical activities, daily insulin injections and home blood glucose testing a certain number of times a day. Type 2: Type 2 diabetes treatments include exercise, diet control, home blood glucose testing and in some cases oral medication. Only about 40% of people who are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are mandatory to have insulin injections.
The risks which can influence diabetes The risks of diabetes can mostly be genetically or when you do not look after yourself properly. In type 1 is risks will mostly be if it’s genetically. In the family, if anyone that has type 1 diabetes it could be a parent or sibling. Genetics, when checked through clinical trials to see if someone who has a family history of the type. Geography, people living in different places might be affected with diabetes more than someone living in London. Viral experience may trigger the virus if the cells are infected.
Low vitamin D levels, like when early drinking of cow’s milk because that’s the common foundation of vitamin D. Other dietary factors like Omega 3 fatty acids offer protection against type 1 diabetes. In type 2 the risks are more to do with obesity and looking after yourself physically and mentally, the older you get you might become obese, lack of exercise not being active and being lazy and overweight. Your diet, when you’re eating unhealthy food all the time. Any family history where you cannot do much about your genetic history but you have been aware and you are ready.
As you get older it seems to find you, as you age type 2 diabetes develop as the pancreas pumps less insulin and high blood pressure and high cholesterol are the two major symptoms of pre diabetes. Asthma: What is asthma? Asthma is a very common circumstance where the airways happen to irritated and inflamed, this causes the airway to become more narrower than normal and produce extra mucus, it makes the airway muscles much more tighter which makes it harder for the air to stream into and out of the lungs and makes it harder to breathe.
Asthma causes coughing, attacks which are triggered by exercise, wheezing, tightness of the cheat and breathlessness and this could happen at any age. People, who have asthma and search out for the correct treatment will be able to lead a normal life, people who do not search out for the correct treatment they can experience from brutal asthma attacks. This will cause eternal damage to the airways. The signs and symptoms of asthma The there a few common signs and symptoms of asthma and they are: Shortness of breathe * Coughing * Wheezing * Tightness in your chest Asthma symptoms can be easy-going, reasonable or brutal. These symptoms are likely to be changeable and may stop and start and usually get worse at night as your body is more relaxed. The cause of asthma The cause of asthma has not been found out yet. The symptoms that will trigger the airways in your lung and make an asthma attack happen or get worse is: * Chemicals * Dust, cigarette smoke or fumes * Weather * Infections like colds and flu Allergies to pollen, medicines, animals or certain food * Emotions (laughing or crying as it causes stress) What happens while and after treatment While an asthma attack occurs your airways happens to be irritated and inflamed, the cells in your throat produce more mucus which is a sticky material that clogs up the airways in the lungs, the airways swell up because of what ever has caused the asthma attack, the muscles in your lungs tighten which become much smaller than normal.
This will cause the narrowing of the airways to bring on the symptoms much quicker and take place for a longer time. When an asthma attack appears you should take your reliever treatment immediately if possible with a spacer, always make sure you are sitting down and relaxing, wait for about 5-10 minutes and see what happens. If the symptoms fade away then you will not have to do anything, but if they do not fade away then you should call a doctor or an ambulance and at the same time continue taking your reliever until help arrives.
There are only a few treatments for asthma but if you are taking them you have to make sure you always are because that particular treatment will be chosen in a way that works best for you, and will be the only thing that can help you. There are inhalers, which are devices which you put into your mouth and press down so the gas which is inside can get to your airways. To get the right cure from the inhaler you will have to use it properly and make sure you are inhaling it into your mouth. There are two types of inhalers that can be used for asthma, reliever which treat your symptoms from happening.
The reliever can be short or long acting, a short acting reliever includes medicine which helps to expand your airways and quickly relieve your symptoms where as a long acting reliever just includes medicine. Relievers are mainly a blue or green colour. Preventer which can prevent your symptoms is used every day, which help you to prevent the symptoms. Preventer contains steroid medicine that helps to decrease the inflammation of your airways. There can be side affect if it’s taken way to much like every hour or so. It will cause a sore mouth or throat.
Also it can take up to six weeks for the preventer to work and once it has started to work you will not have to use your inhaler anymore. Theses preventer are mainly brown, orange or red in colour. Spacers are a long tube which clips on to an inhaler and at the end of the tube there is a mouthpiece which you breathe into and out. This is so you can use your inhaler if you are having any problems. Nebuliser is a medicine made up of mist from water, which you breathe into. They distribute more of the drug to where it is needed the most; this is quicker and better than most inhalers.
This is only particular vital if you have reasonable or brutal asthma attacks. The risks which can influence asthma Risks which can influence asthma are most likely being, when you have a family member who has or used to have asthma severe or mild. Smoking also influences the risks of asthma as you are inhaler tobacco into your lungs and tobacco consist of a lot harmful drugs. It say been said if you are a women you are more likely to suffer from asthma, obesity can be a risk as if you was obese you would have more problems breathing. P2 The signs and symptoms of having asthma are when you are short of breath, oughing, wheezing and tightness in your chest. If you are experiencing these symptoms then you should instantly can action and take your treatments first. If using your inhalers do not help then you should call for professional help as soon as possible as it could get worse. If you cannot make the call then make sure there is someone else with you who can. The signs and symptoms of having diabetes could be several of things. There are two types of diabetes and type 1 creates blurred vision, dry mouth, outstanding thirst, and loss of weight, weakness or exhaustion, regular urination.
When experiencing theses symptoms you should call for professional help. As you could not know which type of diabetes you have, as the doctor will examine you and find out more. Having type2 diabetes this will give leg pain, dry mouth, and unnecessary thirst, always needing to go to the toilet, skin which itches or has yeast infection, blurred vision, certain medicine, pregnancy, age, illness or any sort of damaged to the pancreas and cuts/sores which take longer to heal than usual. When experiencing theses symptoms you should sort call for professional as you will find out more from a doctor. P3 & M1
When a patient is diagnosed with any kind disorders firstly it will be referral, this is when you contact professional help. This could be done by you, family or friends. After being checked properly by a professional, the professional will know what is wrong and what to do next. The investigation, is so they can find out the signs and symptoms so they will check for medical history, palpation, might need to do a blood test or a urine test, radiological investigation, function test and measurement. By then everything that needs to be found out will have been and you will receive and get the best treatment and advice given.
With asthma the investigation will start by the doctor examining you to find signs and symptoms, the doctor will perform a chest x-ray which indicates a hyperventilated chest. It also helps to tell between from the cause of breathlessness you might have. A pulmonary function testing that indicates an obstructive pattern of the airway. The doctor may check the sputum because it could be thick and viscous and may indicate eosinophils and also when a patient as an acute attack, examination of the arterial blood gases would point out the severity of the disease.
With diabetes because there are two types, type 1 and type 2 there a several investigations. If type 1 diabetes is diagnosed then firstly the investigation will begin by the doctor examining you to find signs and symptoms, and then the doctor will perform a screening where the plasma glucose, random glucose, capillary blood glucose and urine glucose is being checked. This helps to see if a person has been diagnosed then to see the development of diabetes. The doctors will look into family history as diabetes can be found in someone if a family member has diabetes.
Urine tests will also be taken and the tests will be taken to the laboratory to see more clearly what type of diabetes they are looking for. With type2 diabetes the investigation will be quite similar the same checks will happen but in type 2 an hour test will be taken place to see the plasma glucose level. Urine tests will be taken and all tests will be sent off to the laboratory to be checked properly through microscopes to gets results and when results have been found it will be discussed between you and your doctor. When doctors and any professional leaders take into investigation and start work, things could go wrong.
For example if there are two patients who have signs and symptoms of diabetes and want to find out if they really do. The urine tests might get mixed up while under the doctor’s protection. By this happening the results may not match and wrong information can be given out. This could be because one of the patient actually has diabetes and the other does not but because if the mix up the person who has diabetes has been shown by the results that they do not. Or when there are two people with the same surnames and the doctor is looking for any medical history which might help with their problem.
This can happen while looking for the patients details by the surname and not reading the whole details about the person. This will cause several misunderstanding and confusion. Bibliography: Website http://www. nhs. uk/Conditions/Asthma/Pages/Symptoms. aspx http://www. emedicinehealth. com/asthma/article_em. htm http://asthma. about. com/od/faq/f/asthmaattack_lung. htm http://asthma. about. com/od/asthmabasics/a/Asthma_handle. htm http://www. healthcentral. com/asthma/introduction-000004_5-145. html http://www. bbc. co. uk/health/physical_health/conditions/in_depth/diabetes/aboutdiabetes_causes. html http://diabetes. webmd. com/tc/type-1-diabetes-what-happens http://chinese-school. netfirms. com/diabetes-causes. html http://diabetes. webmd. com/tc/type-2-diabetes-what-happens http://www. diabetes. co. uk/Diabetes-Risk-factors. html http://www. aarogya. com/conditions-and-diseases/asthma/395-symptoms-a-investigation-of-asthma. html http://generalhealthtopics. com/investigation-asthma-934. html http://www. cks. nhs. uk/diabetes_type_2/making_a_diagnosis/diagnosis/diagnostic_investigations http://manualofdiabetesmellitus. blogspot. com/2009/02/laboratory-tests-for-screening-and. html
