Exam Critical Essay

Himachal Pradesh University Journal, July 2011 Automated Integrated University Examination System Mohini Bhardwaj*1 Amar Jeet Singh** INTRODUCTION Information  and  Communication  Technology  (ICT)  has  become  a  valuable,  decisive  and  critical  resource  for  individuals,  communities,  enterprises  and  organisations. ICT  has  reached  at  every  door  step,  but  its  protenctial has not been fully utilised. ICT is a very helpful tool for providing good governance by bringing  a  sea? hange  in  the  working  of  organisations  and  institutions. Most  of  the  developing  countries  now  understand the importance of ICT and have been adopting it as a basic tool for good governance. The new  ICT  mediated  good  governance  is  also  called  e? governance. In  most  of  the  government  run  Indian  Universities,  examination  system  is  managed  manually. The  manual  examination  system  is  facing  many  problems  such  as  not  declaring  examination  results  in  time  and  accurately.

ICT  is  an  effective  tool  for  integrating and automating  various activities of examination system at different administrative levels to  bring reliable, efficient, scalable, transparent and robust e? governance solutions. NEED OF ICT IN EXAMINATION SYSTEM In  Indian  higher  education  system,  there  has  been  many  fold  increase  in  its  institutional  capacity  since  independence. As per University Grants Commission (2008) report titled “Higher Education in India?

Issues  related to expansion, inclusiveness, quality and finance”, the number of universities in India has increased  from  20  in  1950  to  about  431  in  2008,  colleges  from  500  in  1950  to  20,677  in  2008  and  enrolment  of  students  has  increased  from  mere  100,000  in  1950  to  11,612,000  in  2008. The  Gross  Enrolment  Ratio  (GER) i. e. which is a ratio of  persons enrolled in higher education institutions to total population of the  persons in age group of 18 to 23, rose from 0. 7% in 1950 to about 11% in 2007  Still the fact remains that  the GER in India is quite low compared to that of the developed countries and world average having GERs  54. 6  %  and  23. 2%  respectively. Indian  government  aims  to  bring  GER  to  15  %  by  2012. India’s  higher  education system is the third largest in the world next to China and United States. Student enrolment at  university level and at collegiate level is increasing manifold. The management of examination data of the *Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, H. P. University, Shimla  **Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, H.

P. University, Shimla 1 Himachal Pradesh University Journal, July 2011 large  number  of  students  is  a  very  tiresome  and  a  complex  job  involving  different  types  of  data  by  different administrative line  branches. According  to  Sofield  (2000),  many developing  countries have  not  taken up ICT to the fullest possible extent as a means of reaching increased socio? economic development. Educational  institutions  are  also  increasingly  recognizing  the  importance  of  ICT  in  education  and  examination reforms.

ICT, as an assortment of new computing and communication artifacts, is a rapidly advancing technology. ICT has provided means for faster and better communication, efficient storage, retrieval and processing of  data  and  exchange  and  utilization  of  information  to  its  users,  be  they  individuals,  groups,  businesses,  organizations or governments. ICT has the potential to provide better services to the citizens, interaction  with business enterprises and communication and exchange of information between different agencies of  the government in a speedy, convenient, efficient and transparent manner.

If optimum potential of ICT is utilised, it can definitely increase efficiency and effectiveness of the system. The cases of Indian railway  computerization and online banking are the candidate examples demonstrating the benefits of ICT. Thus,  ICT has become indispensable and an effective tool of growth in any society. The nature of technology is  that  everything  becomes  almost  transparent  once  it  is  ingrained  in  everyday  life. In  his  2004  Independence  Day  speech,  Dr. A. P.

J. Abdul  Kalam,  the  then  President  of  India,  said  that  “there  is  a  demand for a more transparent and reliable system of examination, evaluation and reporting”. EXAMINATION SYSTEM IN INDIAN UNIVERSITIES Examination occupies a very significant place in a university system. Examination is an instrument to test  what  the  student  has  learned  and  retained  in  his  mind  during  course  of  study. University  examinations  have stimulating effect on both students and teachers.

To the Student, it gives a goal toward which he is  directed and impels him to attain that goal with in specified period of time. Examination may be used as a  means  to  organize  and  integrate  knowledge,  it  encourages  student  to  go  through  various  books  and  integrate ideas to respond to a given problem. For a teacher too, examination gives a stimulus and goal  orientation to his work. In a nutshell, we may say that examinations are inevitable, without examination  the work of students and teachers will neither have precision and any direction.

Examination is always an  effective instrument to evaluate the quality and quantity of knowledge or say learning in a specific field  Mishra (1988). University examinations are conducted for each stage at the end of the academic session. There is hardly any month for which there is no exam. Examinations continue for months causing physical  and  mental  stress  both  for  students  as  well  as  for  university  administration. Declaration  of  results  also  takes very long time owing to which students remain ideal for months together. Moreover, the dates of  examinations  and  those  of  declaration  of

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