Demand Side Management

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the concepts of Demand Side Management(DSM) and various areas it involves. The interest and necessary of DSM in TNEB is explained in the context of a number of much wider developments in power sector. It present a framework for DSM Techniques and factors to reducing T&D losses in TNEB. This explains various methods adopted for Energy Conservation in various sectors and helps to prevent global warming. DSM Demand Side management is the process through which a power utility manages the demand for power among all its Customers to meet its current or future needs..

DSM is an effective tools for improving energy efficiency and promoting energy conservation. The problems of the Indian power sector including TNEB traced to three root issues.

1. High T & D Losses.
2. Large commercial losses (Metering, Billing, Collection)
3. Low end – used efficiency of energy use. In TNEB it facing peak Power capacity shortages as well as the energy shortages. NOW A DAYS IN TNEB The Demand-11000mw Available-9000 mw Shortage-2000 mw The chronic power shortages have resulted in involuntary load shedding and interruptions.

CONCEPT OF DSM

DSM comprises all planning implementing, and monitoring activities and measures designed to improve efficient useto energy and encourage consumers to modify their level and pattern of energy use. DSM involves Using existing energy more efficiently. Reduction ofTotal quantity of energy consumed by uses through better load managements. Minimising losses in the Distribution network. Technology substitution. ?Shift demand from peak to off peak times. ?Enhancing energy efficiency. The TNEB have ample motivation to pursue demand management to the extent that it can.  Improve service Increase revenue  Decrease cost B

ENEFITS OF DSM Customer

: Lower bills due to lower tariff. Society:Capital freed for other projects. Utility:Lower cost of service reduced cost of power. DSM TECHNIQUES The three concern of DSM Techniques are now a days adopted in TNEB ?Load curve modification ?TOD meters. ?Three shift operation and staggered off day.

LOAD CURVE MODIFICATION

1. Peak clipping-System peak load reduction at specific periods.
2. Valley filling-Building the load during off peak hours.
3. Conservation-Modification of the load shape through conservation.
4. Load building-Balance of load so that demand from different users peaks at different times.
5. Load shifting-Shifting load from on peak to off peak periods TOD METERS Installation of Time of day (TOD) Electronic meters would help in flattering the load curve by way of giving incentives / penalties to consumers during off peak / peak hours respectively. Now above 25 HP industrial services are provided TOD meters in TNEB. Three shift operation and staggered off day Encourage the industrial consumers for three shift operation and staggered off days to reduce the demands.

REDUCTION OF T & D LOSSES

Now the T & D losses in TENB is around 18% it should be reduced with in 10% of the standard. The factors reducing T & D Losses are

1. Network Reconfiguration.
2. Strengthening of Conductors.
3. Erection of Transformers at load center.
4. Load Balancing. 5. Improve joints and connections.
5. Laying Additional Linklines.
6. Increases HT : LT Ratio.
7. Proper Maintenance of Distribution Network.

Sector wise electricity consumptions in Tamilnadu ENERGY CONSERVATION IN DOMESTIC Use only energy efficient (star rating) Appliances. Use only wires and appliances that have I. S. I. mark. Wiring must be carried out only by the licensed electricians. Do not use flexible wires for long distance. Maintain properly the electrical appliances and wiring. Use compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) instead of ordinary bulbs. It gives greater light and reduced the consumptions 5 times. Economy in the use of water will reduces the consumption of electricity. Provide Electronic ballasts to the tube lights. Provide Electronic regulators to the fans. Use micro – wave ovens heater for cooking purpose. Avoid open the refrigerator door frequently. Don’t put hot things in to the refrigerator. Use voltage stabilizers for the electrical equipments.Don’t use the power loads during peak hours. ?Switch off the lights & fans while leaving the room or house. Avoid using decorative lamps. Avoid switching on the water heater in the previous night for the requirement of hot – water in the next early morning.Utilise sun-lights for the maximum extend.

A well planned house with number of windows and good ventilation reduces the energy consumption.

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDUSTRIES

Don’t use motors of higher capacity than required. ±Use required I. S. I shut connectors separately for each motors to maintain power factors. ±Maintain the machines and appliances properly and regularly. ±Change the worn-out bearings and avoid wearing – out due to friction. ±Ensure that the motor belts are in proper tight. ±Use different motors using instead of single high – horse power motor for different purposes. Use high efficiency pumps and blowers. ±If monthly consumption exceeds 10,000 units energy audit is necessary. ±Periodically modernize the appliances is essential.

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN AGRICULTURE

Replacement of inefficient agricultural pumps by newly Developed energy efficient pump set. Adopt water conservation principles. Provide shunt capacitors to the motors. Avoid unnecessary additional loads. Use P. V. C. pipes instead of steel pipes. Avoid bends and leaks in the pipes. Don’t operate the motors in two phase. ?Don’t use the low power factor rewound motors.

ENERGY AUDIT

It is verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of a technical reports containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit reduce energy consumption

CONCEPT OF ENERGY AUDIT

Determine how and where energy is being used or converted in to one form to another. Identify opportunities to reduce energy usage and prevent energy losses. Energy Auditing involves Identifying energy losses. Segregating the losses into technical and commercial losses. Estimating the energy conservation potential of a system. Save Energy! Save Nation!!